When Yugoslavia ceased to exist as a country in 1991, the six republics within that nation – Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Slovenia and Macedonia – split up into individual countries but several of them experienced ethnic conflicts and internal strife that erupted into war. Some of the worse infighting and loss of human life took place in the Bosnia, Serbia and Croatia regions between 1991 and 1995 but chaotic conditions continued to affect the six republics up to 2001. Macedonia was spared from most of the war but people in that country lived under the constant threat of impending chaos and some individual feuds could easily have led to a full blown revolution such as the situation depicted in Milcho Manchevski’s Pred Dozhdot (English title: Before the Rain, 1994). The first Macedonian film to receive international recognition and acclaim, Manchevski’s feature debut, however, is not an attempt to delve into the social and political issues that resulted in the Yugoslav Wars or a docu-drama that puts the ethnic conflicts into a contextual frame. Instead, he takes a poetic but accessible approach that creates empathy for the victims and their families in a way that makes it just as timely and relevant today as it was in 1994.
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Smells Like Teen Spirit
Was high school the most emotionally turbulent rite of passage every teenager had to endure? For some, like French director Olivier Assayas, it was a period of time that helped transform him into the person he is today. Those years provided the raw material to create a deeply personal cinematic experience that was not just an artistic triumph in France but earned the director international attention and acclaim. L’eau Froide (English title: Cold Water, 1994) was Assayas’s fifth feature film but he credits it with being the movie that marks his first real breakthrough as a director. The story of Gilles (Cyprien Fouquet), a troubled student from an upper-class family, and his on-again, off-again infatuation with Christine (Virginie Ledoyen), a rebellious sixteen-year-old from a divorced working-class couple, is semi-autobiographical in nature with some incidents taken directly from the director’s life. Assayas would later state, “Cinema has the capacity for making you experience moments, emotion in your life and looking back on it I have the strange feeling that this movie belongs to the seventies.”
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